I-New York, New York, Mashi 17, 2021 (Izindaba Zomhlaba)-Amaqiniso kanye Nezici zikhiphe umbiko omusha wocwaningo onesihloko esithi “Ngohlobo (Oluyisisekelo, Ukuhlanzeka Okuphezulu Nokusakaza) Ngohlobo Lwendawo Yokukhiqiza (Imboni Ezinikele Yomthengisi) Izilinganiso zomthengisi imakethe yensimbi yengulube) kanye nezigayo zensimbi ezididiyelwe) kanye nabasebenzisi bokugcina (ubunjiniyela nezimboni, izimoto, ujantshi, ezolimo nogandaganda, ukuphehlwa kukagesi, amapayipi nokufakwa, ukukhucululwa kwendle nokuhlobisa, njll.): imibono yezimboni zomhlaba wonke, ukuhlaziya okuphelele nezibikezelo , 2018 -2027″.
"Ngokombiko wocwaningo, imakethe yensimbi yengulube yomhlaba wonke ilinganiselwa ku-58.897 billion wamadola aseMelika ngo-2018 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-12.479 billion US dollar ngo-2027. (CAGR) kusukela ngo-2020 kuya ku-2026. 8.7%”.
Insimbi yengulube iqiniswa umshini wokuphonsa insimbi yengulube ukuze kukhiqizwe insimbi eshisa kakhulu ngendlela yebhulokhi.Isetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-castings.Ama-castings asetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wobunjiniyela.I-pig iron itholakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezitholakala kuzo.Iqukethe u-2% Si no-4% C. Insimbi yengulube emhlophe yakhiwe ngenxa yefomu elihlangene le-carbon futhi inombala okhanyayo.Ifomu lamahhala lekhabhoni linomthelela ensimbi yengulube empunga.Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimbi yengulube ayisetshenziselwa izinjongo zokushisela ngoba ayiyona i-ductile noma i-ductile.Ngakho-ke, ingasetshenziselwa insimbi eyenziwe, isithando somlilo kanye nensimbi.Umkhiqizo ophakathi wathuthukiswa futhi ukuze unikeze izinsimbi ezicolekile noma insimbi yengulube ecolisisiwe.Izinhlobo ezintathu zensimbi yezingulube okwamanje zitholakala emakethe: insimbi yengulube eyisisekelo, insimbi ekhonjiwe kanye nensimbi yengulube ehlanzekile.
Iningi lezinkampani libhekene nenani elandayo lezinkinga zebhizinisi ezibalulekile ezihlobene nokuqubuka kwe-coronavirus, okubandakanya ukuphazamiseka kokuhlinzekwa kwempahla, ubungozi bokuwohloka komnotho, kanye nokwehla okungenzeka kwezindleko zabathengi.Zonke lezi zimo zizoziphatha ngendlela ehlukile ezifundeni nasezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, ngakho ucwaningo lwemakethe olunembile futhi olufika ngesikhathi lubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili.
Okuhamba phambili ekukhuleni kwemakethe yensimbi yezingulube yisidingo esikhulayo sensimbi yengulube evela ezimbonini zobunjiniyela nezezimoto ukuze zenze izinsimbi ezahlukahlukene.Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi yengulube kusetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ama-castings ezimbonini zezimoto, zamandla kanye nezobunjiniyela.I-nodular cast iron isebenzisa isikhunta sensimbi yengulube.Kuyasiza ukunciphisa izindleko ze-scrap, kusiza ukunciphisa indawo yokugcina, futhi kuthuthukise ukwakheka kokugcina kokulingisa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo esikhulayo sensimbi emhlabeni wonke siphinde sakhuthaza imakethe yensimbi yengulube, futhi insimbi yengulube iyimpahla yayo eluhlaza.
Abadlali abakhulu abasebenza emakethe yensimbi yezingulube bahlanganisa iBaosteel, iBenxi Steel, iCleveland-Cliffs, iDonetsk Metallurgical Plant, iKobe Steel, iTata Metals, iMaritime Steel, iMetinvest, iDXC Technology, iMetalloinvest MC, iSeverstal kanye neIndustrial Metallurgical Holdings, njll.
Ngo-2018, inkambu yezinhlelo eziyisisekelo zensimbi yengulube ibalwe ngaphezu kwe-48.89% yemakethe yensimbi yezingulube.Njengoba kuyimpahla eyinhloko yokukhiqiza insimbi yomhlaba wonke, izinga lokukhula kwalo ngonyaka elihlanganisiwe lilinganiselwa ukuthi lifinyelele ku-8.5% phakathi nesikhathi sokubikezela.
Emakethe yensimbi yezingulube, umkhakha wefekthri ozinikele wezohwebo uzoba ingxenye ekhula ngokushesha esikhathini esizayo.Ngenxa yesidingo esikhulayo sensimbi yezimboni nezentengiselwano kanye nesidingo esikhulayo sokukhiqizwa kwama-castings ahlukahlukene ezimbonini zobunjiniyela nezimoto, izofinyelela izinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiwe le-9.4% phakathi nesikhathi esilinganisiwe.
Ngokuhlukanisa ngokohlobo, uhlobo lwendawo yokukhiqiza, umsebenzisi wokugcina, kanye nesifunda, ucwaningo lunikeza umbono onqumayo wemakethe yensimbi yengulube yomthengisi.Zonke izingxenye zemakethe ziyahlaziywa ngokusekelwe kuzitayela zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo, futhi imakethe kusukela ngo-2019 kuya ku-2027 ilinganiselwa.
Isici sokukhula esibaluleke kakhulu esiqhuba imakethe ye-blast furnace yensimbi izinga lokukhula kokukhiqizwa kwensimbi esithandweni somlilo.Isidingo sensimbi siphezulu, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni, okuye kwaholela ekwandeni kwesidingo sensimbi yezingulube.Iphonswa kuma-ingots.Lawa ma-ingots abe esedayiselwa izinkampani nezimboni eziwasebenzisa njengempahla yokusansimbi emnyama nensimbi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, imakethe yensimbi yezingulube iqhutshwa yisidingo esikhulayo sokusakazwa kwemikhiqizo esetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini zobunjiniyela nezimoto.Ngohlobo, imakethe ihlukaniswe ngokuhlanzeka okuphezulu, okusansimbi kanye nensimbi yengulube eyisisekelo.Ngokwezinhlobo zezindawo zokukhiqiza, imakethe ihlukaniswe ngamafekthri akhethekile kanye nezigayo zensimbi ezihlanganisiwe.Abasebenzisi bokugcina bafaka izimoto, ubunjiniyela nezimboni, amapayipi nokufakwa, ukuthuthwa kwendle nokuhlobisa, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi, ezolimo nogandaganda, izitimela, njll.
(Sizokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo umbiko wakho ngokwezidingo zakho zocwaningo. Sicela ubuze ithimba lethu labadayisi ukuze lenze umbiko ngendlela oyifisayo.)
Isifunda sase-Asia-Pacific siyimakethe ekhula ngokushesha kakhulu yohwebo lwensimbi yezingulube futhi sizokhula ngesilinganiso sokukhula saminyaka yonke esingu-9.8% ngokuzayo.Lokhu kungenxa yentuthuko eqhubekayo yezobuchwepheshe esifundeni, ukushintsha kwezimakethe embonini yabasebenzisi bokugcina bensimbi yengulube, ukwanda kwenani lezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokwanda kwabantu.
Phequlula “imakethe yensimbi yezentengiselwano yezentengiselwano ngohlobo (okuyisisekelo, ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kanye nesisekelo), ngohlobo lwendawo yokukhiqiza (amafekthri azinikele abathengisi nezigayo zensimbi ezihlanganisiwe) kanye nabasebenzisi bokugcina (ubunjiniyela nezimboni, izimoto, izitimela, ezolimo nezolimo) ogandaganda bemakethe yensimbi yezingulube” , Ukukhiqiza ugesi, amapayipi nezinsiza, ukukhucululwa kwendle kanye nokuhlobisa nokunye): “Imibono Yemboni Yomhlaba Wonke, Ukuhlaziya Okubanzi Nezibikezelo, umbiko wezi-2018-2027″, otholakala ku-
I-Facts&Factors iyinhlangano ehamba phambili yocwaningo lwemakethe ehlinzeka ngobuchwepheshe bemboni kanye nezinsizakalo zokubonisana eziqinile zokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi lamakhasimende.Imibiko kanye nezinsizakalo ezihlinzekwa yi-Facts and Factors zisetshenziswa izikhungo zezemfundo ezidume umhlaba wonke, abaqalayo kanye nezinkampani ukukala futhi baqonde umongo webhizinisi lomhlaba wonke kanye nesifunda oshintsha njalo.
Ukukholelwa kwamakhasimende/amakhasimende ezisombululweni nasezinsizeni zethu kusishukumisela ukuba sihlale sinikeza izixazululo ezingcono kakhulu.Izixazululo zethu zocwaningo ezithuthukisiwe zibasiza ukuthi benze izinqumo ezifanele futhi zinikeze umhlahlandlela wamasu okukhulisa ibhizinisi.