Ukubunjwa kwensimbi kusho inqubo yokujova noma yokuthela insimbi encibilikisiwe esikhunjeni ukuze kwakhiwe into yomumo oyifunayo.Le nqubo ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi bezingxenye kanye nezingxenye ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni, ezolimo, ekuphehleni ugesi, uwoyela negesi, imishini yokukhiqiza kanye nezimboni.
Izinto zokwakha kumele zibe namandla, ziqine futhi ziqine.Kudingeka banciphise izindleko zokunakekela futhi bamelane nezingcindezi ezihlukahlukene kanye nezimo zezulu ezihlukene.Lolu hlobo lwemishini ludinga nezinto ezingavuthiwe ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, insimbi ingenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni imishini yokwakha.Imikhiqizo yokusansimbi isetshenziswa nakwezinye izimboni ezisindayo, njengezimoto, izimayini, ukukhiqiza ugesi, imishini yokukhiqiza, uwoyela negesi, imishini kagesi neyezimboni.
Eminyakeni yamuva, ngenxa yezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemikhiqizo yokukhipha i-aluminium, njengesisindo esilula, ukumelana nokugqwala, nokusebenza okuphezulu, abakhiqizi basuse ukugxila kwabo emikhiqizweni yensimbi evamile ukuze bafake izingxenye zezimoto baphonsa i-aluminium.Isibonelo, i-Aluminium Transportation Group (ATG) ye-Aluminium Association yachaza ukuthi kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokuphila wemoto, i-aluminium inenani eliphansi le-carbon footprint kunezinye izinto, ngakho ukusetshenziswa kwezingxenye ze-aluminium ezimotweni kungathuthukisa umnotho.Isisindo semoto silula, idinga uphethiloli namandla amancane.Ngokulandelayo, lokhu kuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kukaphethiloli wenjini kanye nokukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide yemoto encane.
Ukutshalwa kwezimali kukahulumeni kwingqalasizinda kuzohlinzeka ngamathuba amakhulu emakethe yokusakazwa kwensimbi
Ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke bahlela ukutshala izimali ezinhlelweni zokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda.Kulindeleke ukuthi amazwe asethuthukile njenge-United States, Canada, United Kingdom, France kanye neJalimane atshale izimali ekulondolozeni imiklamo ekhona yengqalasizinda futhi azothuthukisa nemiklamo emisha.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amazwe asathuthuka njenge-India, China, Brazil kanye neNingizimu Afrika kulindeleke ukuthi atshale imali ekuthuthukisweni kwemiklamo emisha.Imiklamo yengqalasizinda efana nojantshi wesitimela, amachweba, amabhuloho, izindawo zokukhiqiza kanye namayunithi ezimboni adinga inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo yokusansimbi yensimbi (njengamapuleti ensimbi) nezinto zokwakha (njengama-loaders).Le mishini yokwakha nayo iqukethe izinsimbi zensimbi nezingxenye.Ngakho-ke, ukwanda kokutshalwa kwezimali ekwakhiweni kwengqalasizinda kungase kukhuphule imakethe yokukhipha insimbi ngesikhathi sokubikezela.
Insimbi empunga ingachazwa njengensimbi ekhonjiwe enokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni engaphezu kuka-2% kanye ne-graphite microstructure.Iwuhlobo lwensimbi olusetshenziswa kakhulu ekubumbeni.Ishibhile uma kuqhathaniswa, iyathandeka futhi ihlala isikhathi eside.Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwe-iron empunga kungabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene, njengamandla ayo aqinile namandla esivuno, i-ductility, ukumelana nomthelela, kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi.Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephezulu yensimbi empunga nakho kwenza kube lula ukuncibilika, ukushisela kanye nomshini ube izingxenye.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokwanda kokuthandwa kwezinye izinto, isabelo semakethe semboni yensimbi empunga kulindeleke ukuthi sehle kancane.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isabelo semakethe somkhakha we-ductile iron kulindeleke ukuthi sikhule ngesikhathi sokubikezela.Lo mkhakha ungase uqhutshwe ikhono le-ductile cast iron ukuthuthukela ekubeni yinsimbi engasindi.Lokhu kunganciphisa izindleko zokulethwa futhi kulethe izinzuzo zezomnotho ngezinye izici ezifana nokuklama nokuguquguquka kwe-metallurgical.
Izimboni zezimoto nezokuthutha zingabathengi abakhulu bemikhiqizo yokukhipha insimbi.Amandla aqinile aqinile nomthelela wokumelana nomthelela wemikhiqizo yokulingisa insimbi kuyenza ifaneleke kakhulu ezingxenyeni zezimoto ezihlukahlukene, njengama-flywheel, izindlu ezincishiswayo, amasistimu amabhuleki, amabhokisi kagiya kanye nokusakazwa kwezimali.Ngenxa yokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwezinto zokuhamba ezizimele nezomphakathi emhlabeni jikelele, kulindeleke ukuthi imboni yezimoto nezokuthutha ithole isabelo semakethe ngo-2026.
Ngenxa yokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwamapayipi nezinto ezifakwayo ezenziwe ngensimbi ezimbonini ezifana nokuphehla ugesi, uwoyela negesi, nokukhiqiza, isabelo samapayipi nezinto zokufakwayo singakhula.Cishe zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo yokukhipha insimbi isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni amapayipi nokufakwa kanye nezingxenye ezihlobene.
Imisebenzi yokukhiqiza esifundeni sase-Asia-Pacific izothuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yokuphonsa insimbi esifundeni
Isifunda sase-Asia-Pacific singumthengi omkhulu kakhulu emhlabeni wokusakazwa kwensimbi.Ngesikhathi sokubikezela, ukusetshenziswa kwale mikhiqizo esifundeni kulindeleke ukuthi kukhule.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isifunda sisebenzisa uhla olubanzi lwemikhiqizo yensimbi esakazwayo ukwenza imikhiqizo yokugcina kusukela kuzingxenye zezimoto kuya ezintweni zasendlini.Isifunda sase-Asia-Pacific sinezitshalo eziningi zokukhiqiza ezidinga imikhiqizo yokusakazwa kwensimbi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iNyakatho Melika neYurophu yakwazi ukuqhubeka nokuncintisana.Kodwa-ke, kulindeleke ukuthi balahlekelwe isabelo semakethe ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokubikezela.Kodwa-ke, ngo-2026, isabelo semakethe salezi zifunda ezimbili kulindeleke ukuthi sibe ngaphansi kweseLatin America, Middle East kanye ne-Afrika.
Kunezinkampani eziningi ezisebenza emakethe yensimbi yomhlaba wonke.Izinkampani ezivela eYurophu, e-Asia Pacific naseNyakatho Melika zibusa imakethe ngobuchule bazo obucebile kanye nemishini ethuthuke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe.Abadlali abahlukahlukene emakethe yokukhipha insimbi nabo bangabakhiqizi abakhulu bensimbi.Laba bahlanganyeli bangazuza kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni emuva ngoba kungabasiza ukulawula izindleko zokusebenza futhi bathole ubuchwepheshe obungcono.Ezinye izinkampani ezibalulekile emakethe zifaka i-Tata Steel Co., Ltd., Kobe Steel Co., Ltd., ArcelorMittal Co., Nucor Corporation, Hitachi Metal Co., Ltd. kanye ne-Amsted Railway Company.